نام كتاب :(Basics of INTERFEROMETRY(Second Edition

نويسنده : (P. HARIHARAN (School of Physics, University of Sydney

انتشارات : Elsevier- 2007 -

تعداد صفحات : 226 صفحه

حجم فايل : 2.63 مگابايت

فصول كتاب:

Introduction 1
2 Interference: A Primer 3
2.1 Light Waves 3
2.2 Intensity in an Interference Pattern 5
2.3 Visibility of Interference Fringes 6
2.4 Interference with a Point Source 6
2.5 Localization of Fringes 7
2.6 Summary 9
2.7 Problems 10
Further Reading 12

3 Two-Beam Interferometers 13
3.1 Wavefront Division 13
3.2 Amplitude Division 14
3.3 The Rayleigh Interferometer 15
3.4 The Michelson Interferometer 16
3.4.1 Fringes Formed with a Point Source 17
3.4.2 Fringes Formed with an Extended Source 17
3.4.3 Fringes Formed with Collimated Light 17

vii
viii Contents
3.4.4 Applications 18
3.5 The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 18
3.6 The Sagnac Interferometer 19
3.7 Summary 20
3.8 Problems 20
Further Reading 22

4 Source-Size and Spectral Effects 23
4.1 Coherence 23
4.2 Source-Size Effects 24
4.2.1 Slit Source 24
4.2.2 Circular Pinhole 25
4.3 Spectral Effects 25
4.4 Polarization Effects 25
4.5 White-Light Fringes 26
4.6 Channeled Spectra 27
4.7 Summary 28
4.8 Problems 28
Further Reading 30

5 Multiple-Beam Interference 31
5.1 Multiple-Beam Fringes by Transmission 31
5.2 Multiple-Beam Fringes by Reflection 33
5.3 Multiple-Beam Fringes of Equal Thickness 34
5.4 Fringes of Equal Chromatic Order (FECO Fringes) 34
5.5 The Fabry–Perot Interferometer 35
5.6 Summary 36
5.7 Problems 36
Further Reading 36

ix
6 The Laser as a Light Source 39
6.1 Lasers for Interferometry 39
6.2 Laser Modes 40
6.3 Single-Wavelength Operation of Lasers 42
6.4 Polarization of Laser Beams 43
6.5 Wavelength Stabilization of Lasers 43
6.6 Laser-Beam Expansion 43
6.7 Problems with Laser Sources 45
6.8 Laser Safety 46
6.9 Summary 46
6.10 Problems 46
Further Reading 48

7 Photodetectors 49
7.1 Photomultipliers 49
7.2 Photodiodes 50
7.3 Charge-Coupled Detector Arrays 51
7.3.1 Linear CCD Sensors 52
7.3.2 Area CCD Sensors 52
7.3.3 Frame-Transfer CCD Sensors 52
7.4 Photoconductive Detectors 54
7.5 Pyroelectric Detectors 54
7.6 Summary 54
7.7 Problems 55
Further Reading 56

8 Measurements of Length 57
8.1 The Definition of the Metre 57
8.2 Length Measurements 58

x
8.2.1 The Fractional-Fringe Method 59
8.2.2 Fringe Counting 59
8.2.3 Heterodyne Techniques 59
8.2.4 Synthetic Long-Wavelength Signals 60
8.2.5 Frequency Scanning 61
8.2.6 Environmental Effects 62
8.3 Measurements of Changes in Length 62
8.3.1 Phase Compensation 62
8.3.2 Heterodyne Methods 62
8.3.3 Dilatometry 62
8.4 Summary 63
8.5 Problems 63
Further Reading 66

9 Optical Testing 67
9.1 The Fizeau Interferometer 67
9.2 The Twyman–Green Interferometer 70
9.3 Analysis of Wavefront Aberrations 71
9.4 Laser Unequal-Path Interferometers 72
9.5 The Point-Diffraction Interferometer 72
9.6 Shearing Interferometers 73
9.6.1 Lateral Shearing Interferometers 74
9.6.2 Radial Shearing Interferometers 76
9.7 Grazing-Incidence Interferometry 77
9.8 Summary 77
9.9 Problems 78
Further Reading 81

10 Digital Techniques 83
10.1 Digital Fringe Analysis 83

xi
10.2 Digital Phase Measurements 84
10.3 Testing Aspheric Surfaces 85
10.3.1 Direct Measurements of Surface Shape 86
10.3.2 Long-Wavelength Tests 86
10.3.3 Tests with Shearing Interferometers 86
10.3.4 Tests with Computer-Generated
Holograms 87
10.4 Summary 88
10.5 Problems 88
Further Reading 91

11 Macro- and Micro-Interferometry 93
11.1 Interferometry of Refractive Index Fields 93
11.2 The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer 93
11.3 Interference Microscopy 95
11.4 Multiple-Beam Interferometry 96
11.5 Two-Beam Interference Microscopes 96
11.6 The Nomarski Interferometer 99
11.7 Summary 100
11.8 Problems 101
Further Reading 103

12 White-Light Interference Microscopy 105
12.1 White-Light Interferometry 105
12.2 White-Light Phase-Shifting Microscopy 106
12.3 Spectrally Resolved Interferometry 107
12.4 Coherence-Probe Microscopy 107
12.5 Summary 109
12.6 Problems 109
Further reading 110

xii
13 Holographic and Speckle Interferometry 111
13.1 Holographic Interferometry 111
13.2 Holographic Nondestructive Testing 112
13.3 Holographic Strain Analysis 112
13.4 Holographic Vibration Analysis 113
13.5 Speckle Interferometry 114
13.6 Electronic Speckle-Pattern Interferometry 117
13.7 Studies of Vibrating Objects 118
13.8 Summary 119
13.9 Problems 119
Further Reading 120

14 Interferometric Sensors 121
14.1 Laser–Doppler Interferometry 121
14.2 Measurements of Vibration Amplitudes 122
14.3 Fiber Interferometers 123
14.4 Rotation Sensing 125
14.5 Laser-Feedback Interferometers 126
14.6 Gravitational Wave Detectors 127
14.7 Optical Signal Processing 128
14.7.1 Interferometric Switches 128
14.7.2 Interferometric Logic Gates 128
14.8 Summary 129
14.9 Problems 129
Further Reading 132

15 Interference Spectroscopy 133
15.1 Resolving Power and Etendue 133
15.2 The Fabry–Perot Interferometer 134
Contents xiii
15.2.1 The Scanning Fabry–Perot
Interferometer 135
15.2.2 The Confocal Fabry–Perot
Interferometer 135
15.2.3 The Multiple-Pass Fabry–Perot
Interferometer 136
15.3 Interference Filters 136
15.4 Birefringent Filters 137
15.5 Interference Wavelength Meters 137
15.6 Laser Frequency Measurements 138
15.7 Summary 139
15.8 Problems 140
Further Reading 143

16 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 145
16.1 The Multiplex Advantage 145
16.2 Theory 146
16.3 Practical Aspects 148
16.4 Computation of the Spectrum 149
16.5 Applications 149
16.6 Summary 149
16.7 Problems 149
Further Reading 151

17 Interference with Single Photons 153
17.1 Interference—The Quantum Picture 153
17.2 Single-Photon States 154
17.3 Interference with Single-Photon States 156
17.4 Interference with Independent Sources 157
17.5 Fourth-Order Interference 161
xiv Contents
17.6 Summary 162
17.7 Problems 162
Further Reading 163

18 Building an Interferometer 165
Further Reading 167
A Monochromatic Light Waves 169
A.1 Complex Representation 169
A.2 Optical Intensity 170
B Phase Shifts on Reflection 171
C Diffraction 173
C.1 Diffraction Gratings 174
D Polarized Light 177
D.1 Production of Polarized Light 177
D.2 Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates 177
D.3 The Jones Calculus 179
D.4 The Poincaré Sphere 180
E The Pancharatnam Phase 183
E.1 The Pancharatnam Phase 183
E.2 Achromatic Phase Shifters 183
E.3 Switchable Achromatic Phase Shifters 185

xv
F The Twyman–Green Interferometer: Initial
Adjustment 187
G The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer: Initial
Adjustment 191
H Fourier Transforms and Correlation 193
H.1 Fourier Transforms 193
H.2 Correlation 194
I Coherence 195
I.1 Quasi-Monochromatic Light 195
I.2 The Mutual Coherence Function 196
I.3 Complex Degree of Coherence 197
I.4 Visibility of the Interference Fringes 197
I.5 Spatial Coherence 198
I.6 Temporal Coherence 199
I.7 Coherence Length 199
J Heterodyne Interferometry 201
K Laser Frequency Shifting 203

xvi
L Evaluation of Shearing Interferograms 205
L.1 Lateral Shearing Interferometers 205
L.2 Radial Shearing Interferometers 205
M Phase-Shifting Interferometry 209
M.1 Error-Correcting Algorithms 210
N Holographic Imaging 211
N.1 Hologram Recording 211
N.2 Image Reconstruction 212
O Laser Speckle 215

Laser Frequency Modulation

---------------------------------------

از ایران کتاب خرید کنید

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/4210c9

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/a092d9

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/97628c

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/806d7d

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/4e4701

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/aa6c64

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/f59c51

https://www.iranketab.ir/c/6f79ee